![]() ![]() Initially referred to as the DOD Internet Architecture Model, the Internet protocol suite has its roots in research and development sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA) in the late 1960s. The Internet protocol suite predates the OSI model, a more comprehensive reference framework for general networking systems.Īn SRI International Packet Radio Van, used for the first three-way internetworked transmission The technical standards underlying the Internet protocol suite and its constituent protocols are maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link) the internet layer, providing internetworking between independent networks the transport layer, handling host-to-host communication and the application layer, providing process-to-process data exchange for applications. An implementation of the layers for a particular application forms a protocol stack. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers, which classify all related protocols according to each protocol's scope of networking. The Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. Early versions of this networking model were known as the Department of Defense ( DoD) model because the research and development were funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA. ![]() ![]() The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP). ![]() The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. ![]()
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